Primera Division (in English: First Division) is a professional soccer league in Argentina. And 'leaders of the country and football is at the top of the Argentine football league system. The club contested eight pm, is a system for the promotion and fall with the Primera B Nacional. The season runs from August to May next year. Each season is divided into two tournaments, opening and Clausura, each with its own sample.
Primera Division was founded in 1893 and turned professional in 1931, when 18 teams broke away from the amateur leagues in a professional league. Since then, the fourth season of the year has been challenged in various forms, and calendars. League has been in its present form since 1991-92 season. Primera IFFHS ranks as the seventh strongest league in the world.
Since the beginning of a professional, club sixteen Argentine champion, although only four clubs have won ten or more titles. The most successful club in the River Plate, who won 33 titles. The current sample is Velez Sarsfield, who won their eighth title in the Clausura 2011.
Form
The 20 teams play two single round-robin tournaments each year: the opening from August to December and from February to June Closing The format of each is identical and each crown a national champion. The names of the tournament lead literally "opening" and "closing", respectively, although the English translation is rarely used. This program was initiated in 1990 to replace the South season, and was at that time, Argentina's foreign policy - who live in the southern hemisphere seasons are used for sporting calendar year (eg 2004, compared to 2004 / 05).
Decline
Relegation is based on an average system.
At the end of each season, both teams with the worst three-year averages are relegated and the two best teams in the Primera B Nacional promoted. The teams finishing 17 and 18 in the board game average in the second phase of promotion / relegation against teams in the fourth and third in the Primera B Nacional, respectively, in a two-legged solved by added goals. Therefore, the number of teams promoted each year varies between two and four. Newly promoted teams that half seasons since his last promotion.
Average was introduced in 1983, two years after San Lorenzo de Almagro was exiled in 1981. This year, River Plate was 18th on 19 teams and would have been banned under the old system. Racing and Nueva Chicago were the first team to be relegated on average.
Boca Juniors were also taken at that time and had a dismal 1984 season. These facts have led some to speculate that the system was introduced on average to minimize the risk of major clubs relegated.
International competitions
Traditionally, the two teams played for Argentina in the Copa Libertadores annually. Since 1987, CONMEBOL has organized other races, extinct source Super Cup, the Copa CONMEBOL then, Copa Mercosur, and eventually all were replaced by Copa Sudamericana hours. Number of teams playing in Argentina Libertadores has also increased to five. Thus, at least five teams is an international program, in addition to their league commitments.
Copa Libertadores
For more information on the methods of the past meet the Copa Libertadores, Copa Libertadores see Method What Argentina
Historically, the results of the previous season to determine the participation in international competitions. The site of the Copa Libertadores is devoted to Apertura and Clausura champions of the previous season and the top three teams who received the highest number of points given the combination Apertura and Clausura board, in addition to two masters. For example, the 2008 Copa Libertadores Estudiantes represented by the Apertura 2006 champion, Champion Clausura 2007 San Lorenzo and the three best teams in the overall picture of Apertura and Clausura 2006, Apertura 2007 2007th Although occurred much closer to the Copa Libertadores 2008, the Apertura 2007 champion will not get the place because Apertura 2007 was considered the same season of the Copa Libertadores the 2008th As champions of the Apertura having to wait over a year play in the Copa Libertadores.
For the 2009 Libertadores Cup, the qualifying criteria are changed. The champions of the season last Apertura and Clausura, the opening and in the same season are also eligible to play in the Copa Libertadores. The two remaining seats are held by the two best teams in the combined table of the three tournaments. For example, the 2009 Copa Libertadores champion will be represented by the Apertura 2007, Clausura 2008 Apertura champion and also champion in 2008. The remaining seats are awarded to two teams with more points in the combined table of the three tournaments. The Argentine Football Association has not announced the agreement beyond 2009 rating. However, it is believed that the teams will qualify for the tournament according to the Opening and Closing the results of the previous year. For example, the five teams with the most combined points in the table Clausura 2009 Apertura 2009 and qualify for the Copa Libertadores 2010.
Copa Libertadores is the most prestigious competition in South America, and the Primera División in Argentina was the league's most successful in the history of the Cup, won the competition 22 times, Independiente has a record of seven wins, followed with six in Boca, Estudiantes with four, Riverside plate with two, and Racing Club Argentinos Juniors and Velez Sarsfield in one piece.
Copa Sudamericana
For the Copa Sudamericana, Boca Juniors and River Plate have joined the cup in each season, regardless of their position in the First Division, at the invitation of CONMEBOL. Furthermore, the four best teams in the combined points total last season and Opening Closing are also eligible for the tournament. However, in 2010, there will be no invitations, and the six best placed teams of the season will join the cup, even if they do not include Boca Juniors or River Plate.
As three of the five seats allocated to the Copa Libertadores the table together, teams can get both the Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana, through the same mechanism, and Argentine teams in both tournaments are usually very high. For example, Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata, Banfield and Velez Sarsfield, and qualified for the Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana results due to their total in the table for the period 2005/06.
Argentina's First Division championship success in this competition, having won the trophy five times since its creation in 2002.
History
Amateur Era (1891-1931)
Main article: Amateur Era in Argentine football
In 1891, Argentina was the first country outside the United Kingdom to establish a football league. During the era of former Amateur Athletic Club were the most successful team with 10 championships (one as high school English).
In the professional era (1931-1966)
Professionalism was established in 1931. In the early years, the only teams from Buenos Aires, Gran Buenos Aires (Avellaneda particular) and La Plata have joined the national association. Teams Rosario and Santa Fe joined a few years later.
A simple double round robin was played a year and the team with the most points is crowned champion, with the exception of 1936, during this year's winners and honor of Campeonato Copa played a game for the championship title. The simple arrangement tournament until 1966.
During this period, the traditional "big five" clubs Boca Juniors, River Plate, Independiente, Racing and San Lorenzo in Argentina has dominated the football. Furthermore, no team had won the championship in the 36 years.
The most serious challenge for the title came to Banfield in 1951, when they got the same score Racing Club Championship table. However, they lost 1-0 in a two-legged playoffs in the first place, and gave the title race.
The Metropolitano and Nacional (1967-1985)
In 1967, an individual tournament format was rejected and replaced with two championships each year: Metropolitano and Nacional. Metropolitan only allowed to compete with the old clubs for the tournament, while the National has been open to teams from regional tournaments.
Form of competition was also changed, with a double round-robin tournament placed in two groups Metropolitano championship, and a round-robin Nacional in that year.
This change resulted in a revolution in the Argentine soccer, which small teams, as Estudiantes de La Plata at first, and Vélez Sarsfield, Chacarita Juniors and others in recent years, broke down the hegemony of the five clubs that had won all championships up to that date.
1967-1969
The Metropolitano and Nacional had gone through several format changes over the period. In the first three years, the Metropolitan championship was one to two groups, with the top two teams from each group competing semi-final knockout stage.
The top six teams from each group advance to the NFC, with four teams from the regional tournaments, compete for the national championship in a single round robin. The team, seventh and eighth of each group, along with four teams played in regional tournaments Promotional tournament, which in 1969 was replaced by the Petit tournament attacked without ninth to twelfth teams.The regional teams from each group entered the tournament determine Reclasificatorio teams relegated.
1970-1985
In 1970, the format of the Metropolitan and National has undergone reforms. From this year, and until 1985, the National has become a tournament qualifying group, while the Metropolitan was played under a single or double turn of the system, except for the 1974 edition, 1976 and 1979, were also challenged as a group with the playoffs of the tournament.
Despite the format change in 1970, still hold in the tournament championship and tournaments Nacional Reclasificatorio Petit after their placement in the Metropolitano this year. But in 1971 the tournament on. Not hold Nacional Metropolitano came complete forefront. On the other hand, the tournament and the tournament Petit Reclasificatorio abandoned. The Metropolitano and Nacional are really two separate tournaments. While the old system was reused in 1972, the distinction was reintroduced in 1973 and was introduced in the rest Metropolitano and Nacional era.
Metropolitan was always the first, the order until the tournament began in 1982.
European-style seasons (1985-1991)
On the advice of the national soccer team of Argentina, and coach Carlos Salvador Bilardo, was the structure of the game changed in 1985. Traditionally, like other countries in the Southern Hemisphere, began the football season and finished according to the calendar year. But after the reform was adopted European style this season for the first time among all the countries of South America. Moreover, instead of holding two championships each year, was only a double round robin contested by the football leagues in Europe. The team leading the table at the end of the season was crowned champion.
In 1985, after Nacional Metropolitano played was not incurred during the new single tournament (1985-1986) was played for the first time.
In the 1988-1989 season, three points were awarded to the winners of these. If the lottery was held, shots on goal and took out the winner of the round you get two points, while the loser still had one. This format was released the next season.
Apertura and Clausura (1991-present)
Five years later, one of the league was divided into two one-round tournament generates more open and available Clausura. In 1991, the two games leading the winner-take-all matches. This practice was very controversial, especially when one of the biggest teams in the final against Boca Juniors lost to Newell Old Boys, which will cost them their first official championship since 1981, despite the Clausura unbeaten. In 1992, the game took place (this time between Newell's Old Boys and River Plate), but regardless of the outcome (which has helped River Plate), both teams had the title of Champion. After 1992, the practice was quickly abandoned, so that the two samples (equal) is crowned every year rather than to decide the game is played.
Originally, two points were given to the winners of the 1989/90 season only. In 1995/96, the rule was changed and the three points were given for winning, a draw and none after the defeat.
Although the current structure of the provincial team gives way to a promotion team of Buenos Aires-Rosario line still dominates. Only one team from outside of this axis has never won a title (Estudiantes LP 5 times), and a reversal of this trend is unlikely in the near future.
The 2012-13 season structure of the piece was changed, giving rise to a new tournament, which had contained the Primera Division and Primera B Nacional team, so that the first would not be banned will hold its 2011-12 season and sixteen teams Primera B Nacional, one of the Primera B Metropolitana and the Torneo Argentino A was on the road to promotion, to have 38 teams. These changes were strongly disagree with the media and the people, and eventually the tournament was canceled.
Primera Division was founded in 1893 and turned professional in 1931, when 18 teams broke away from the amateur leagues in a professional league. Since then, the fourth season of the year has been challenged in various forms, and calendars. League has been in its present form since 1991-92 season. Primera IFFHS ranks as the seventh strongest league in the world.
Since the beginning of a professional, club sixteen Argentine champion, although only four clubs have won ten or more titles. The most successful club in the River Plate, who won 33 titles. The current sample is Velez Sarsfield, who won their eighth title in the Clausura 2011.
Form
The 20 teams play two single round-robin tournaments each year: the opening from August to December and from February to June Closing The format of each is identical and each crown a national champion. The names of the tournament lead literally "opening" and "closing", respectively, although the English translation is rarely used. This program was initiated in 1990 to replace the South season, and was at that time, Argentina's foreign policy - who live in the southern hemisphere seasons are used for sporting calendar year (eg 2004, compared to 2004 / 05).
Decline
Relegation is based on an average system.
At the end of each season, both teams with the worst three-year averages are relegated and the two best teams in the Primera B Nacional promoted. The teams finishing 17 and 18 in the board game average in the second phase of promotion / relegation against teams in the fourth and third in the Primera B Nacional, respectively, in a two-legged solved by added goals. Therefore, the number of teams promoted each year varies between two and four. Newly promoted teams that half seasons since his last promotion.
Average was introduced in 1983, two years after San Lorenzo de Almagro was exiled in 1981. This year, River Plate was 18th on 19 teams and would have been banned under the old system. Racing and Nueva Chicago were the first team to be relegated on average.
Boca Juniors were also taken at that time and had a dismal 1984 season. These facts have led some to speculate that the system was introduced on average to minimize the risk of major clubs relegated.
International competitions
Traditionally, the two teams played for Argentina in the Copa Libertadores annually. Since 1987, CONMEBOL has organized other races, extinct source Super Cup, the Copa CONMEBOL then, Copa Mercosur, and eventually all were replaced by Copa Sudamericana hours. Number of teams playing in Argentina Libertadores has also increased to five. Thus, at least five teams is an international program, in addition to their league commitments.
Copa Libertadores
For more information on the methods of the past meet the Copa Libertadores, Copa Libertadores see Method What Argentina
Historically, the results of the previous season to determine the participation in international competitions. The site of the Copa Libertadores is devoted to Apertura and Clausura champions of the previous season and the top three teams who received the highest number of points given the combination Apertura and Clausura board, in addition to two masters. For example, the 2008 Copa Libertadores Estudiantes represented by the Apertura 2006 champion, Champion Clausura 2007 San Lorenzo and the three best teams in the overall picture of Apertura and Clausura 2006, Apertura 2007 2007th Although occurred much closer to the Copa Libertadores 2008, the Apertura 2007 champion will not get the place because Apertura 2007 was considered the same season of the Copa Libertadores the 2008th As champions of the Apertura having to wait over a year play in the Copa Libertadores.
For the 2009 Libertadores Cup, the qualifying criteria are changed. The champions of the season last Apertura and Clausura, the opening and in the same season are also eligible to play in the Copa Libertadores. The two remaining seats are held by the two best teams in the combined table of the three tournaments. For example, the 2009 Copa Libertadores champion will be represented by the Apertura 2007, Clausura 2008 Apertura champion and also champion in 2008. The remaining seats are awarded to two teams with more points in the combined table of the three tournaments. The Argentine Football Association has not announced the agreement beyond 2009 rating. However, it is believed that the teams will qualify for the tournament according to the Opening and Closing the results of the previous year. For example, the five teams with the most combined points in the table Clausura 2009 Apertura 2009 and qualify for the Copa Libertadores 2010.
Copa Libertadores is the most prestigious competition in South America, and the Primera División in Argentina was the league's most successful in the history of the Cup, won the competition 22 times, Independiente has a record of seven wins, followed with six in Boca, Estudiantes with four, Riverside plate with two, and Racing Club Argentinos Juniors and Velez Sarsfield in one piece.
Copa Sudamericana
For the Copa Sudamericana, Boca Juniors and River Plate have joined the cup in each season, regardless of their position in the First Division, at the invitation of CONMEBOL. Furthermore, the four best teams in the combined points total last season and Opening Closing are also eligible for the tournament. However, in 2010, there will be no invitations, and the six best placed teams of the season will join the cup, even if they do not include Boca Juniors or River Plate.
As three of the five seats allocated to the Copa Libertadores the table together, teams can get both the Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana, through the same mechanism, and Argentine teams in both tournaments are usually very high. For example, Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata, Banfield and Velez Sarsfield, and qualified for the Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana results due to their total in the table for the period 2005/06.
Argentina's First Division championship success in this competition, having won the trophy five times since its creation in 2002.
History
Amateur Era (1891-1931)
Main article: Amateur Era in Argentine football
In 1891, Argentina was the first country outside the United Kingdom to establish a football league. During the era of former Amateur Athletic Club were the most successful team with 10 championships (one as high school English).
In the professional era (1931-1966)
Professionalism was established in 1931. In the early years, the only teams from Buenos Aires, Gran Buenos Aires (Avellaneda particular) and La Plata have joined the national association. Teams Rosario and Santa Fe joined a few years later.
A simple double round robin was played a year and the team with the most points is crowned champion, with the exception of 1936, during this year's winners and honor of Campeonato Copa played a game for the championship title. The simple arrangement tournament until 1966.
During this period, the traditional "big five" clubs Boca Juniors, River Plate, Independiente, Racing and San Lorenzo in Argentina has dominated the football. Furthermore, no team had won the championship in the 36 years.
The most serious challenge for the title came to Banfield in 1951, when they got the same score Racing Club Championship table. However, they lost 1-0 in a two-legged playoffs in the first place, and gave the title race.
The Metropolitano and Nacional (1967-1985)
In 1967, an individual tournament format was rejected and replaced with two championships each year: Metropolitano and Nacional. Metropolitan only allowed to compete with the old clubs for the tournament, while the National has been open to teams from regional tournaments.
Form of competition was also changed, with a double round-robin tournament placed in two groups Metropolitano championship, and a round-robin Nacional in that year.
This change resulted in a revolution in the Argentine soccer, which small teams, as Estudiantes de La Plata at first, and Vélez Sarsfield, Chacarita Juniors and others in recent years, broke down the hegemony of the five clubs that had won all championships up to that date.
1967-1969
The Metropolitano and Nacional had gone through several format changes over the period. In the first three years, the Metropolitan championship was one to two groups, with the top two teams from each group competing semi-final knockout stage.
The top six teams from each group advance to the NFC, with four teams from the regional tournaments, compete for the national championship in a single round robin. The team, seventh and eighth of each group, along with four teams played in regional tournaments Promotional tournament, which in 1969 was replaced by the Petit tournament attacked without ninth to twelfth teams.The regional teams from each group entered the tournament determine Reclasificatorio teams relegated.
1970-1985
In 1970, the format of the Metropolitan and National has undergone reforms. From this year, and until 1985, the National has become a tournament qualifying group, while the Metropolitan was played under a single or double turn of the system, except for the 1974 edition, 1976 and 1979, were also challenged as a group with the playoffs of the tournament.
Despite the format change in 1970, still hold in the tournament championship and tournaments Nacional Reclasificatorio Petit after their placement in the Metropolitano this year. But in 1971 the tournament on. Not hold Nacional Metropolitano came complete forefront. On the other hand, the tournament and the tournament Petit Reclasificatorio abandoned. The Metropolitano and Nacional are really two separate tournaments. While the old system was reused in 1972, the distinction was reintroduced in 1973 and was introduced in the rest Metropolitano and Nacional era.
Metropolitan was always the first, the order until the tournament began in 1982.
European-style seasons (1985-1991)
On the advice of the national soccer team of Argentina, and coach Carlos Salvador Bilardo, was the structure of the game changed in 1985. Traditionally, like other countries in the Southern Hemisphere, began the football season and finished according to the calendar year. But after the reform was adopted European style this season for the first time among all the countries of South America. Moreover, instead of holding two championships each year, was only a double round robin contested by the football leagues in Europe. The team leading the table at the end of the season was crowned champion.
In 1985, after Nacional Metropolitano played was not incurred during the new single tournament (1985-1986) was played for the first time.
In the 1988-1989 season, three points were awarded to the winners of these. If the lottery was held, shots on goal and took out the winner of the round you get two points, while the loser still had one. This format was released the next season.
Apertura and Clausura (1991-present)
Five years later, one of the league was divided into two one-round tournament generates more open and available Clausura. In 1991, the two games leading the winner-take-all matches. This practice was very controversial, especially when one of the biggest teams in the final against Boca Juniors lost to Newell Old Boys, which will cost them their first official championship since 1981, despite the Clausura unbeaten. In 1992, the game took place (this time between Newell's Old Boys and River Plate), but regardless of the outcome (which has helped River Plate), both teams had the title of Champion. After 1992, the practice was quickly abandoned, so that the two samples (equal) is crowned every year rather than to decide the game is played.
Originally, two points were given to the winners of the 1989/90 season only. In 1995/96, the rule was changed and the three points were given for winning, a draw and none after the defeat.
Although the current structure of the provincial team gives way to a promotion team of Buenos Aires-Rosario line still dominates. Only one team from outside of this axis has never won a title (Estudiantes LP 5 times), and a reversal of this trend is unlikely in the near future.
The 2012-13 season structure of the piece was changed, giving rise to a new tournament, which had contained the Primera Division and Primera B Nacional team, so that the first would not be banned will hold its 2011-12 season and sixteen teams Primera B Nacional, one of the Primera B Metropolitana and the Torneo Argentino A was on the road to promotion, to have 38 teams. These changes were strongly disagree with the media and the people, and eventually the tournament was canceled.
